Tectonic Processes and Landforms in the Lesser Himalayas : An experimental study from Khairna Watershed

Abstract

Different types of landforms and processes in different parts of the earth surface are
topic of interest for the people studying geomorphology. Landforms change with time through
active processes. The role of these processes becomes very significant when we are concerned
with the young and dynamic mountain system like the Himalayas. The changing intensity and
speed of processes that are reflected in the landforms of a Himalayan watershed is the topic
of interest in this study. Analysis of the tectonically controlled landforms within the watershed
further help for a better understanding of sediment mobilization and transportation of earth
material down slopes and downstream. Khairna watershed, a Lesser Himalayan drainage
basin is used as an experimental laboratory for continuous monitoring of the geomorphologic
processes and associated landforms. Field investigations were conducted in the Khairna
watershed between 2004-2007.Steep to very steep scarps, terraces, triangular facets, and
waterfalls in the study area are associated with the faults and are caused by vertical displacement
of rocks due to differential uplift. Apart from direct tectonic origin, debris channels, debris
fans and cones, cols and knolls, sudden changes in river profiles are examples of tectonically
controlled landforms modified by denudation activities. Identification, monitoring and analysis
of different processes and associated landforms in the experimental drainage basin may help
to understand the geomorphic processes in a systematic way which affect the region as well
as the people living in the region in various ways. Similar studies in different parts of the
dynamic Himalayan watersheds may be helpful for the systematic analysis of landforms and
the processes associated with their origin to a great extent.