Assessment of environmental changes applying GIS indexing technique and remote sensing data

Abstract

Monitoring of environmental changes is a much-needed aspect today to know the pattern of changes and their degradation. Rapid population growth and urbanization are creating numerous environmental shifts over several years. The present study used remote sensing indexing techniques to assess and understand changes in the environmental aspect such as land, water and vegetation, etc. Land use change is an important indicator of environmental change. In this study, the Land surface temperature map shows the temperature change during the carry-over period. NDVI is also useful for studying vegetation analysis and NDWI is used for identifying the suitable water area of the Chandauli region. The NDBI indicate the built-up index and settlements of the study area. The result shows land use changes between 2000 and 2010 and 2019 through natural and artificial activations. Water bodies decreased in 2019 (2.1%) from 2000–2010 (3%). The highest cropped area indicates that in 2000 (53%) it declined in 2010 (28.6%) until the order of incision of fallow land (40%). The built index also shows the changes in urban and rural settlements in 2019 (13.5%) and in 2010 compression (1.6%).